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Pesquisa dá configurações ao desemprego e mostra que jovem encara a questão com otimismo

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Research of the configurations to the unemployment and sample that young the question with optimism faces
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
A presented study as thesis of doutorado in the Unicamp, in 9 of last June, for the researcher in social sciences Marineide Maria Silva, it considers clippings geracional, of sort and insufficient escolaridade/qualification to describe the unemployed of the present. Therefore, supported in identitárias strategies praised by one appraised studious sociologist of the subject, the Frenchman Claude Dubar, the researcher constructed four categories of identity of the unemployed:

1 - The surviving Citizen that was poor entire life e, as well as the parents, started to work very early, without being able to study and if to specialize. Sabe that it does not have possibility in the market, but is not worried about the qualification and yes in surviving. It does not feel shame of the unemployed condition; in the deep one, it feels pride for remaining itself alive. Its identity does not rest in the job, but in the nature of fighting in the life.

2 - The hopeful one Is so poor how much the survivor, with a difference: it has parents that they had constructed an ascending trajectory, as of doorman the caretaker and supervisor. He is a son who continues in the line of the poverty, almost does not possess qualification, but it feeds the hope to repeat the trajectory of ascension of the parents. As nor vacant of doorman it obtains, it suffers with the unemployment.

3 - The apreensivo Is that one that more suffers between the unemployeds. Its parents had ascended economically for the work, had given qualification to it still thus do not obtain to follow in the same line. For the agencies, it is the citizen with potential, but imprisoned to the concept of the past, searching the safe job that more does not exist. He is apreensivo because ahead of the new speech of available the casual employment and flexible in the market, it inherited the identity of ascension for the work and it does not obtain to get loose itself of the socialization received from the parents.

4 - The optimist Is mainly about the young, with qualification or not, that she dived in this new universe of the fragile and unstable work. It sees the unemployment as a period to review values. For it, the trajectory of the parents is of who never got success with the work and passed the life in the same company, executing the same task, until if retiring? e it wants an opposing trajectory. Asked on the unemployed condition, it answers that it is searching a good chance, despite the search already lasts two years.

Mosaic of the unemployment?

It is under this heading that Marineide Maria Silva synthecizes the set of information that harvested on the phenomenon of the unemployment, mainly next to the proper unemployeds. The statistics more uniform works with data of the unemployment as a category. My research of field disclosed to a true mosaic of meanings and experiences that the phenomenon excites. It is impossible to affirm that the unemployment? it is this? ; she is necessary to ask: what it is the unemployment for who lives the situation.

Marineide is of Florianópolis and, in the passage until the work, already it had attempted against for the increase of the number of andarilhos that if esgueiravam for the square to the wait of the sopão. It has some years, gave competition for the chair of sociology in the southwestern State University of the Bahia (UESB), as it says, in search of its? safe job. From there, the fact of the 57 interviews that base the research, with many hours of writing and comments, to have been carried through in urban Salvador and Victory of the Conquest as regional counterpoint.

To compose the mosaic, the researcher promoted clippings in the roll of unemployeds: geracional (young e adult), sort and escolaridade/qualification. It made the interviews in the agencies of intermediação of man power, as the Setre (Secretariat of the Work, Job, Income and of the Sport of the Bahia), tied with the Sine (National System of Job). Also it heard employees of the integrant agencies and of the Movement of Trabalhadores Desempregados (MTD).

The researcher stops beyond the official

data justifies that the way as the individuals understand the unemployment, with all the involved tensions, supply to information on the world of the work and the chance to interpret its new configurations. Therefore, the interviewed ones had been chosen from that if it considers dismissed, exactly that thus are not fit by the official criteria. I find that this is the wealth of the research, that it looks to understand the unemployment stops beyond the official data, searching the subjective understanding of who lives this condition.

In accordance with Marineide Silva, until the beginning of the decade of 1980, had a cycle job-unemployment-job and the dismissed citizen had perspective to return to the market, being preserved its identity of same worker after inactivity months. From years 90, this cycle was breached, and this return was each more difficult and uncertain time.

The author of the thesis remembers that, in a generalized manner, she understands on account that the unemployed if considers one unloaded of the society, that lives a painful, loaded experience of guilt and shame, of the improdutividade feeling. However, its opinion, the experience of the unemployment cannot be translated as homogeneous. A generalization, for example, is from that the unemployment is suffered. With the research, I arrived at the conclusion of that suffering is not equal for all.

Concept of work

the social scientist affirms that the subjective suffering unchained by the unemployment is leagued directly to the form as the individuals had apprehended the work, to the familiar trajectory that had had (over all of the father), to the projects of future and the familiar investments in its process of escolarização and professionalization. If the experience of the unemployment is painful for that they had been socialized with the idea of the work as form of inclusion and social ascension, the same does not happen with who never visualized this possibility.

This constatação of Marineide Silva comes of the referring clipping to the escolaridade and qualification, in which the interviews had opposed what it imagined. The more escolarizado and qualified, more shame the unemployed has of its situation. My interpretation is of that it counted on bigger financial support and had broken its trajectory of life. How to keep a standard next to that one that enjoyed? The unemployment more is suffered for this citizen.

On the other hand, the researcher explains that the poor person (not escolarizado and normally not qualified) had all its trajectory marked for misery and suffering. It always was in the light wind (the peak), in the precariousness, as well as its parents. It is not looking a job, but hunting the survival, that if to come will be with another precarious work. The unemployment, in this in case that, does not have what to aggravate, therefore its life is practically touched without income.

Clippings

Amongst the mosaics that had constructed the research, the author sees as significant what she opposes young and adults. The adults had been socialized in another world of the work, where she had more job and the expectation of absorption for the market since that they were made use. For them, the unemployment is one weight, therefore they imagined an equal trajectory to the one of the parents who, exactly having studied little, had obtained a job that lasted the life all.

Youngest, according to Marineide Silva, already they had broken this link with the previous world, transformed for the process of globalization, the productive reorganization and the speech of the empregabilidade. The young had dived in the new culture of the work, with the casual employments, flexible and the periods of training. They also use another jargon: they are not looking job, but searching experience. Instead of suffering, the unemployment is seen as a chance to review its concepts.

The unemployment is considered more suffered for the men, since whom the woman is not family head. However, the researcher standes out a curious aspect in relation the sort. The man assumes the unemployed condition and, in house, he is anxious, gotten depressed, he starts to drink. Already the woman lives a quandary between reassuming the occupations of the home and looking to an activity correlata to provide some sustenance, as to vender candies, salty and knicks-knack. This, exactly enters the women most qualified.

Equally curious, it adds the author, it is the perception of the interviewed one how much to the causes of its unemployment and the others. When they speak of itself, the unemployment if it gave for external reasons, as productive reorganization or closing of the company. How much to the other, it was for missed choices or lack of persistence and qualification. Already inside of the Movement of Dismissed Workers, the unemployment never is seen as an individual problem: the economic companies, circumstances and the lack of chances are taken the blame; it does not have any feeling of guilt or shame for its condition.

Dualidade

Uma concern in the doutorado thesis of, praised for the indicated board and for publication, was to evaluate the attendance in the agencies of intermediação of man power. I see a dualidade in the form as the agencies institutionalize the unemployment. In a first speech, it it is seen as an individual problem of the citizen, that does not take care of to the minimum requirements of the market. On the other hand, ahead of the frequent presence of the qualified citizen, but that also it does not obtain job, the employees they identify a social problem.

Marineide Silva accuses the companies with if using to advantage of the crisis in the job to exaggerate in the requirements, for times being disregarded the labor law. I evidenced that the unemployment has color, age and address, has seen the exclusion of blacks, older and living of outlying areas. Between the absurd requirements it is of? good appearance? , whose translation is? not black. The age limit is of 35 years, exactly with good escolaridade, and the candidate must inhabit close to the company preventing delays and the cost with valley has carried.

The researcher considers one in such a way has excused the relation of the agencies of intermediação with these companies, despite attendants and coordinators recognize exaggerate it of the requirements. The criterion of the good appearance, for example, cannot consist in the form, but he is implicit: if the attendant not to accept, the company will refuse the candidate and, consequentemente, the agency will leave to enter a professional rank? the come resources of the government depend on the accomplished ranks. If the unemployment already is a frightful monster, finishes if coating with more perversity.

Source: Periodical of the Unicamp/Luiz Sugimoto

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