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Jovens têm qualificação de menos para o mundo do trabalho

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Young has qualification of less for the world of the work
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Data of the National Research for Sample of Domiciles (Pnad) of 2007 show that the professional chances for the young Brazilians are restricted. They represent about 63% of the total of unemployeds in the country. While the tax of unemployment between the adults is of 4,8%, between young it arrives 14%, in accordance with analysis of the Pnad carried through for the Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea).

In world-wide terms, the picture is not different. The report Labor Panorama 2008, of the International Organization of Trabalho (OIT), sample that, in the passed year, the tax of youthful unemployment was 2,2 times bigger that the tax of total inoccupation.

“The young has little experience, what it makes it difficult its entrance in the market”, says Marcelo Neri, chief economist of the Center of Social Politics of the Getúlio Foundation Vargas. “Most preoccupying it is the lack of the necessary formation and the qualification so that the young grows professionally.”

In fact, the statisticians show that the Brazilian educational system has not obtained to give account of its task to offer a complete formation to the Brazilian students. Pnad 2007 discloses that, of 82.1% of the adolescents between 15 and 17 years that frequentam the school today, 44% had not concluded nor basic education. But 48% attended a course average education, the level that would be adjusted to this etária band. Of the group of young of 18 the 24 years, only 13% are in superior education - and its tax of escolarização comes in recent years falling. According to Pnad, passed of 34% in 2003 for 30,9% in 2007.

Disinterest for the school

Beyond few students to obtain to arrive until average education, many finishes for leaving the school before completing its studies. The tax of abandonment in this stage is of 13,2%, according to Ministry of the Education. E, even so approximately one terço of the young alive in considered families poor, according to Ipea, the abandonment of the studies not if of the one due to financial conditions. In accordance with the study Reasons of the Pertaining to school Evasion, co-ordinated for Neri and that it takes in account the information of the microdata of the Supplements of Education of the Pnad, the main reason it is the lack of interest of the students for school - 40.3% of the answers. The necessity to work appears in according to place, with 27,1%.

“The young is not obtaining to enxergar the education as an instrument to improve its life and that basic education is only the minimum to obtain a work”, it points Wanda Engel, superintendent-executive of the Unibanco Institute, one of the apoiadores of the study. “In the society of the knowledge where we live, it is basic to have at least eleven years of study to have access the best chances”, complete. The numbers show the impact that the escolaridade has on the income and the empregabilidade of the people. Segundo Neri, the average income of who complete o average education jumps of R$ 700 for R$ 1,600, that is, more than it duplicates. Already the occupation tax passes of 68% for 78%.

Another effect of the qualification lack is the precarização of the work conditions. In accordance with the Young report in Situation of Risk in Brazil, published for the World Bank in 2007, 60% of the Brazilians between 15 and 19 years diligent are almost not remunerated or without signed wallet of work. The group of 20 enters the 24 years, the number falls for about 33%.

To specialists in education, the change of this picture passes necessarily for the establishment of public politics directed toward this population. “We well clearly have a diagnosis of the situation of the young Brazilians, but not yet we act of consistent form to improve it”, affirms Maria of the Carmo Brant de Carvalho, superintendent of the Center of Studies and Research in Education, Culture and Communitarian Action (Cenpec). In its opinion, beyond programs of correction of flow - that they allow the young to learn of fast form the contents necessary to follow the average education, that it on account did not get of low the quality of basic education, is important one politics of offers of sociocultural activities to extend its abilities of communication and relationship. “It does not only advance to offer to professional qualification or chances of work, because, without dense a pertaining to school and sociocultural formation, the young it can until entering in the market, but finishes not obtaining to remain itself and to evolve”, explains.

Directly reached for the lack of qualification of man power, the private sector has invested in different initiatives directed toward the improvement of the education and the qualification of young between 15 and 24 years.

In the case of the Basf, that has 27 years keeps the Project To grow, for professionalization and education of low income adolescents in They are Bernardo of the Field and Guaratinguetá (SP), has recent changes. To each year, the program takes care of about 120 adolescents between 15 and 21 years, offering scholarships for professionalizing courses technician of average level and cultural activities and preparation for the exercise of the citizenship. In 2008, of eye in the changes of the work market, the program started to give emphasis in empreendedorismo. “The qualification technique is not only enougher to guarantee a job today”, says Gislaine Rossetti, director of social communication of the Basf.

The Future Program in Our Hands is kept by the Votorantim Cements with support of the Votorantim Institute. Since its beginning, in 2003, already it formed as masons more than 9 a thousand young of 18 the 29 years. Beyond receiving formation basic to act as assentadores and revestidores of masonry, the young learns if to relate with other professionals of the civil construction, beyond developing abilities of management and empreendedorismo. “Also we look for to assure the first job for these young professionals. E we have had resulted: about 70% of them they after obtain to be contracted in the first month the course ", affirms Marcelo Chamma, commercial director of the responsible Votorantim Cements and for the program.

The Microsoft Brazil keeps the Students Program you Business (S2B), with training for students of educations average technician and for colleges student in specific technologies for the area of development of software and infrastructure of YOU. “The program was created by request of the proper market of YOU, that it has much difficulty in finding professionals qualified. We help the two tips: the young, to find work; e our partners and customers, to fill its vacant of job ", counts to Amintas Grandson, manager of new technologies and platforms for the academic sector of the Microsoft Brazil. According to company, of the 20 a thousand participants of the last edition of the program, 1,300 had soon been contracted after the ending of the course.

Already the Formare, even so has been born as internal initiative of the Iochpe-Maxion has 21 years, became a social surmounting. About 52 companies in all Brazil they keep today Formare schools in its units, with support of the Iochpe Foundation, offering courses of professional education in integral period for young of low income families with age between 15 and 17 years.

Beyond receiving a on specific formation to the businesses from the company who offers the course, with certificate emitted for a federal institution of technological education, the pupils have lessons of communicability, work in team, solution of problems, vision of future and citizenship, that prepare them to act in any sector. “About 85% of the pupils of the Formare they had been absorbed by the work market after the course, in 2007. Moreover, these young had improved its performance in the school, had had more chances of professional ascension and had increased its income ", counts Beth Callia, coordinator of the program in the Iochpe Foundation.

Social the Itaú Foundation, in turn, bets in a different model to extend the perspectives of future of the young. Instead of offering to qualification technique for the market, the Program Young Urban offers a set of action of formation for young of 16 the 21 living years of the peripheries of great cities, with the objective to facilitate the access to the cultural, professional resources and from generation of income that these centers offer, but of which is excluded. “Without usufructing of these resources, the young finishes being with a cultural repertoire and of empobrecido communication, what it diminishes its chances of work, generating a vicious circle of exclusion and poverty”, it affirms Isabel Santana, manager of social projects of Social the Itaú Foundation. To stimulate its participation in the program, as well as its permanence in the school and the conclusion of the studies, the young receives a benefit financial, granted by means of official programs of income transference.

In accordance with Isabel Santana, the young that had passed for the program reaches personal income 60% greater of what a not participant group with the same socioeconômicas characteristics. They also have more chances of job.

Source: Economic value

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